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ATH30T033 Series --3.3-V Input
30-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
REVISION 00 (30APR2004)
Features
* Up to 30-A Output Current * 3.3-V Input Voltage * Wide-Output Voltage Adjust (0.8 V to 2.5 V) * 135 W/in Power Density * Efficiencies up to 93 % * On/Off Inhibit * Pre-Bias Startup * Margin Up/Down Controls * Under-Voltage Lockout * Auto-TrackTM Sequencing * Output Over-Current Protection (Non-Latching, Auto-Reset) * Operating Temp: -40 to +85 C * Over-T emperature Shutdown * Safety Agency Approvals: UL 1950, CSA 22.2 950, EN60950 VDE (Pending) * Point-of-Load Alliance (POLA) Compatible
NOMINAL SIZE =
1.37 in x 1.12 in (34,8 mm x 28,5 mm)
Description
The ATH30T033 is a series of highcurrent non-isolated power modules. The product is characterized by high efficiencies, and up to 30 A of output current, while occupying a mere 1.64 in of PCB area. In terms of cost, size, and performance, the series provides OEM's with a flexible module that meets the requirements of the most complex and demanding mixed-signal applications. These include the most densly populated, multi-processor systems that incorporate high-speed DSP's, microprocessors, and ASICs. The series uses double-sided surface mount construction and provides highperformance step-down power conversion from a 3.3-V input bus voltage. The output voltage of the ATH30T033 can be set to any value over the range 0.8 V to 2.5 V, using a single resistor. This series includes Auto-TrackTM. Auto-Track simplifies power-up and power-down supply voltage sequencing in a system by enabling modules to track each other, or any other external voltage. Each model also includes an on/off inhibit, output voltage adjust (trim), and margin up/down controls. An output voltage sense ensures tight load regulation, and an output over-current and thermal shutdown feature provide for protection against external load faults. Package options inlude both throughhole and surface mount configurations.
Pin Configuration
Pin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Function
GND Vin GND Inhibit * Vo Adjust Vo Sense GND Vout Vout GND Track Margin Down * Margin Up *
* Denotes negative logic: Open = Normal operation Ground = Function active
Standard Application
Track Margin Down Margin Up
13 1 12 11 10
ckTM to-Tra ing Au enc Sequ
Rset = Required to set the desired output voltage higher than 0.8 V (see spec. table for values). Cin = Required 1,500 F capacitor. Cout = Optional 330 F capacitor.
VIN
2
PTH03030W ATH30T033-9S (Top View)
9 8 7
VOUT
3
4
5
6
Inhibit
Vo Sense
L O A D
RSET 0.5 %, 0.1 W (Required)
GND
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+
+
CIN 1,500 F (Required)
COUT 330 F (Optional)
GND
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ATH30T033 Series --3.3-V Input
30-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
REVISION 00 (30APR2004)
Ordering Information Input Voltage 2.95V to 3.65V
Options: "-J" "-SJ" -
Output Voltage 0.8V1 to 2.5V
Output Current 30A
Model Number ATH30T033-9(S)(J)
Through-hole Termination, Tray Packaging SMT Termination, Tray Packaging
Notes: 1 Preset output voltage is 0.8V; externally adjustable to 2.5V through the Vo,Adjust pin
Pin Descriptions
Vin: The positive input voltage power node to the module, which is referenced to common GND. Vout: The regulated positive power output with respect to the GND node. GND: This is the common ground connection for the Vin and Vout power connections. It is also the 0 VDC reference for the control inputs. Inhibit: The Inhibit pin is an open-collector/drain negative logic input that is referenced to GND. Applying a lowlevel ground signal to this input disables the module's output and turns off the output voltage. When the Inhibit control is active, the input current drawn by the regulator is significantly reduced. If the Inhibit pin is left open-circuit, the module will produce an output whenever a valid input source is applied. Vo Adjust: A 0.1 W 1 % resistor must be directly connected between this pin and pin 7 (GND) to set the output voltage to a value higher than 0.8 V. The temperature stability of the resistor should be 100 ppm/C (or better). The set point range for the output voltage is from 0.8 V to 2.5 V. The resistor value required for a given output voltage may be calculated from the following formula. If left open circuit, the output voltage will default to its lowest value. For further information on output voltage adjustment consult the related application note. Rset = 10 k * 0.8 V Vout - 0.8 V - 2.49 k Vo Sense: The sense input allows the regulation circuit to compensate for voltage drop between the module and the load. For optimal voltage accuracy Vo Sense should be connected to Vout. It can also be left disconnected. Track: This is an analog control input that enables the output voltage to follow an external voltage. This pin becomes active typically 20 ms after the input voltage has been applied, and allows direct control of the output voltage from 0 V up to the nominal set-point voltage. Within this range the output will follow the voltage at the Track pin on a volt-for-volt basis. When the control voltage is raised above this range, the module regulates at its set-point voltage. The feature allows the output voltage to rise simultaneously with other modules powered from the same input bus. If unused, this input should be connected to Vin. Note: Due to the under-voltage lockout feature, the output of the module cannot follow its own input voltage during power up. For more information, consult the related application note. Margin Down: When this input is asserted to GND, the output voltage is decreased by 5% from the nominal. The input requires an open-collector (open-drain) interface. It is not TTL compatible. A lower percent change can be accomodated with a series resistor. For further information, consult the related application note. Margin Up: When this input is asserted to GND, the output voltage is increased by 5%. The input requires an open-collector (open-drain) interface. It is not TTL compatible. The percent change can be reduced with a series resistor. For further information, consult the related application note.
The specification table gives the preferred resistor values for a number of standard output voltages.
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ATH30T033 Series --3.3-V Input
30-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
REVISION 00 (30APR2004)
Environmental & Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristics Track Input Voltage Operating T emperature Range Solder Reflow Temperature Storage T emperature Mechanical Shock Mechanical Vibration Weight Flammability -- -- Symbols Vtrack Ta Treflow Ts
(Voltages are with respect to GND) Min -0.3 -40 -40 -- -- -- -- Typ -- -- -- 500 10 20 10 Max Vin + 0.3 85 235 (i) 125 -- -- -- -- Units V C C C G's G's grams
Conditions Over Vin Range Surface temperature of module body or pins -- Per Mil-STD-883D, Method 2002.3 1 msec, 1/2 Sine, mounted Mil-STD-883D, Method 2007.2 Suffix S 20-2000 Hz Suffix H Meets UL 94V-O
Notes: (i) During reflow of SMD package version do not elevate peak temperature of the module, pins or internal components above the stated maximum.
Specifications
Characteristics Typ Output Current
(Unless otherwise stated, Ta =25 C, V in =3.3 V, Vout =2 V, Cin =1,500 F, C out =0 F, and Io =Iomax) Symbols Max Io Vin Vo tol Regtemp Regline Regload Regtot
Input Voltage Range Set-Point Voltage T olerance Temperature Variation Line Regulation Load Regulation Total Output Variation Efficiency
60 C, 200 LFM airflow 25 C, natural convection Over Io range -40 C 0 0 2.95 (2) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.2 Vin -0.5 -0.2 -- -- 275 1,500 (6) 0 0 (9) 4 2.8
ATH30T033 Conditions Units -- -- -- -- 0.5 10 12
-- 93 92 91 89 87 85 30 45 70 100 5 - 8 (4) -- -- 2.45 2.4 -- -- -130 10 300 -- 330 (7) -- -- --
Min 30 (1) 30 (1) 3.65 2 (3) -- -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -130 1 2.8 -- Open 0.8 -- -- 325 -- 16,500 300 -- --
(3)
A V %Vo %Vo mV mV %Vo
%
Vo Ripple (pk-pk) Over-Current Threshold Transient Response
Vr Io trip ttr Vtr Vo adj IIL margin IIL track dVtrack/dt UVLO VIH VIL IIL inhibit Iin inh s Cin Cout
mVpp A Sec mV % A A V/ms V
(5)
Margin Up/Down Adjust Margin Input Current (pins 12 /13) Track Input Current (pin 8) Track Slew Rate Capability Under-Voltage Lockout Inhibit Control (pin4) Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Low Current Input Standby Current Switching Frequency External Input Capacitance External Output Capacitance
(5)
V A mA kHz F F m 106 Hrs
(8)
Reliability
MTBF
Notes: (1) See SOA curves or consult factory for appropriate derating. (2) The minimum input voltage is equal to 2.95 V or Vout + 0.5 V, whichever is greater. (3) The set-point voltage tolerance is affected by the tolerance and stability of R SET . The stated limit is unconditionally met if RSET has a tolerance of 1 % with 100 ppm/C or better temperature stability. (4) A small low-leakage (<100 nA) MOSFET is recommended to control this pin. The open-circuit voltage is less than 1 Vdc. (5) This control pin has an internal pull-up to the input voltage Vin. If it is left open-circuit the module will operate when input power is applied. A small low-leakage (<100 nA) MOSFET is recommended for control. For further information, consult the related application note. (6) A 1,500 F electrolytic input capacitor is required for proper operation. The capacitor must be rated for a minimum of 900 mA rms of ripple current. (7) An external output capacitor is not required for basic operation. Adding 330 F of distributed capacitance at the load will improve the transient response. (8) This is the calculated maximum. The minimum ESR limitation will often result in a lower value. Consult the application notes for further guidance. (9) This is the typical ESR for all the electrolytic (non-ceramic) output capacitance. Use 7 m as the minimum when using max-ESR values to calculate.
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ATH30T033 Series --3.3-V Input
30-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
Typical Characteristics
REVISION 00 (30APR2004)
Characteristic Data; Vin =3.3V
Efficiency vs Load Current
100
(See Note A)
Safe Operating Area; Vin =3.3 V
All Output Voltages
90 80
(See Note B)
VOUT 2.5 V 2.0 V 1.8 V 1.5 V 1.2 V 0.8 V
Ambient Temperature (C)
90
70 60 50 40 30
Airflow 400LFM 200LFM 100LFM Nat Conv
Efficiency - %
80
70
60
50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Iout - Amps
Iout (A)
Output Ripple vs Load Current
50
40
VOUT 2.0 V 1.5 V 1.8 V 1.2 V 0.8 V 2.5 V
Ripple - mV
30
20
10
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Iout (A)
Power Dissipation vs Load Current
10
8
Pd - Watts
6
4
2
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Iout - Amps
Note A: Characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25C. This data is considered typical data for the converter. Note B: SOA curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 4 in. x 4 in. double-sided PCB with 1 oz. copper.
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Application Notes
ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series
Capacitor Recommendations for the ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series of Power Modules
Input Capacitor The recommended input capacitor(s) is determined by the 1,500 F (1) minimum capacitance and 900 mArms minimum ripple current rating. Ripple current and <100 m equivalent series resistance (ESR) values are the major considerations, along with temperature, when designing with different types of capacitors. Unlike polymer tantalum, conventional tantalum capacitors have a recommended minimum voltage rating of 2 x (maximum DC voltage + AC ripple). This is standard practice to ensure reliability. For improved ripple reduction on the input bus, ceramic capacitors may be used to complement electrolytic types and achieve the minimum required capacitance. Output Capacitors (Optional) For applications with load transients (sudden changes in load current), regulator response will benefit from an external output capacitance. The recommended output capacitance of 330 F will allow the module to meet its transient response specification (see product data sheet). For most applications, a high quality computer-grade aluminum electrolytic capacitor is most suitable. These capacitors provide adequate decoupling over the frequency range, 2 kHz to 150 kHz, and are suitable when ambient temperatures are above 0 C. For operation below 0 C, tantalum, ceramic or Os-Con type capacitors are recommended. When using one or more non-ceramic capacitors, the calculated equivalent ESR should be no lower than 4 m (7 m using the manufacturer's maximum ESR for a single capacitor). A list of preferred low-ESR type capacitors are identified in Table 1-1. Ceramic Capacitors Above 150 kHz the performance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors becomes less effective. To further improve the reflected input ripple current or the output transient response, multilayer ceramic capacitors can also be added. Ceramic capacitors have very low ESR and their resonant frequency is higher than the bandwidth of the regulator. When used on the output their combined ESR is not critical as long as the total value of ceramic capacitance does not exceed 300 F. Also, to prevent the formation of local resonances, do not place more than five identical ceramic capacitors in parallel with values of 10 F or greater. Tantalum Capacitors Tantalum type capacitors can be used at both the input and output, and are recommended for applications where the ambient operating temperature can be less than 0 C. The AVX TPS, Sprague 593D/594/595 and Kemet T495/ T510 capacitor series are suggested over many other tantalum types due to their higher rated surge, power dissipation, and ripple current capability. As a caution many general purpose tantalum capacitors have considerably higher ESR, reduced power dissipation and lower ripple current capability. These capacitors are also less reliable when determining their power dissipation and surge current capability. Tantalum capacitors that do not have a stated ESR or surge current rating are not recommended for power applications. When specifying Os-Con and polymer tantalum capacitors for the output, the minimum ESR limit will be encountered well before the maximum capacitance value is reached. Capacitor Table Table 1-1 identifies the characteristics of capacitors from a number of vendors with acceptable ESR and ripple current (rms) ratings. The recommended number of capacitors required at both the input and output buses is identified for each capacitor type. This is not an extensive capacitor list. Capacitors from other vendors are available with comparable specifications. Those listed are for guidance. The RMS ripple current rating and ESR (at 100kHz) are critical parameters necessary to insure both optimum regulator performance and long capacitor life. Designing for Very Fast Load Transients The transient response of the DC/DC converter has been characterized using a load transient with a di/dt of 1 A/s. The typical voltage deviation for this load transient is given in the data sheet specification table using the optional value of output capacitance. As the di/dt of a transient is increased, the response of a converter's regulation circuit ultimately depends on its output capacitor decoupling network. This is an inherent limitation with any DC/DC converter once the speed of the transient exceeds its bandwidth capability. If the target application specifies a higher di/dt or lower voltage deviation, the requirement can only be met with additional output capacitor decoupling. In these cases special attention must be paid to the type, value and ESR of the capacitors selected. If the transient performance requirements exceed that specified in the data sheet, or the total amount of load capacitance is above 3,000 F, the selection of output capacitors becomes more important. For further guidance consult the separate application note, "Selecting Capacitors for PTH Products in High-Performance Applications."
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Application Notes continued
ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series
Table 1-1: Input/Output Capacitors
Capacitor Vendor, Type: Series (Style)
Capacitor Characteristics
Quantity
Working Voltage Panasonic: FC (Radial) FK (SMD) United Chemi-con FX, Oscon (Radial) PXA, (Poly-Aluminum (SMD.) LXZ, Aluminum (Radial)
Value (F)
Max. ESR at 100 kHz
Max. Ripple Current @85 C (I rms) >900 mA 1690 mA 1100 mA 1100 mA 4935 mA 5500 mA >900 mA 1050 mA 1030 mA 1060 mA >4500 mA >5440 mA 5100 mA 4000 mA 1723 mA 1826 mA >1200 mA >3800 mA 4200 mA 1440 mA 9740 mA -- --
Physical Size (mm)
Input Bus
Output Bus
Vendor Part Number
10 V 16 V 16 V 10 V 6.3 V 6.3 V 10 V 10 V 6.3 V 10 V 10 V 6.3 V 6.3 V 6.3 V 10 V 10 V 6.3 V 10 V 6.3 V 10 V 16 V 16 V 6.3 V 6.3 V 6.3 V 16 V 16 V 6.3 V 6.3 V 16 V 16 V
560 1500 1500 2200 1000 820 680 1000 1000 1500 470 820 560 180 470 470 470 330 470 470 2200 10 47 100 47 22 10 100 47 22 10
0.090 0.043 0.060 0.060 0.013 0.010 0.090 0.068 0.053 0.050 0.015 0.012 0.020 0.005 0.045 0.060 0.018 0.015 0.012 0.100 0.015 0.002 0.002 0.002
10x12.5 16x15 12.5x13.5 12.5x13.5 10x10.5 10x12.2 10x12.5 10x16 10x12.5 16x15 10x10.5 10x12.7 10x10.2 7.3x4.3x4.2 7.3L x5.7Wx4.1H 4.3W x7.3L x4.0H 7.2Lx6W x4.1H 16x25 1210 case 3225 mm 1210 case 3225 mm
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 [1] 2 3 N/ R 3 [ 1] 3 [ 1] 3 [ 1] 5 3 [ 1] 3 [ 1] 1 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2]
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 5 5 5 3 2 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 5
EEUFC1A561 EEUFC1C152S EEVFK1C152Q EEVFK1A222Q 6FX1000M PXA6.3VC820MJ12TP LXZ10VB681M10X12LL LXZ10VB102M10X16LL UHD0J102MPR UPM1A152MHH6 10SP470M 6SVP820M EEFWA0J561P EEFSE0J181R TPSE477M010R0045 TPSV477M010R0060 T520X477M006SE018 T530X337M010AS T530X477M006AS 595D477X0010R2T 94SA108X0016HBP C1210C106M4PAC C1210C476K9PAC GRM32ER60J107M GRM32ER60J476M GRM32ER61C226K GRM32DR61C106K C3225X5R0J107MT C3225X5R0J476MT C3225X5R1C226MT C3225X5R1C106MT
Nichicon, Aluminum: HD (Radial) PM (Radial) Sanyo, Os-con: SP (Radial) SVP (SMD) Panasonic, Poly-Aluminum: WA (SMD) S/SE (SMD) AVX, Tantalum: TPS (SMD) Kemet (SMD): T520, Poly-Tant T530, Poly-Tant/Organic Vishay-Sprague 595D, Tantalum (SMD) 94SA, Os-con (Radial) Kemet, Ceramic X5R (SMD) Murata, Ceramic X5R (SMD)
TDK, Ceramic X5R (SMD)
0.002
--
1210 case 3225 mm
[1] The total capacitance is slightly lower than 1,500 F, but is acceptable based on the combined ripple current rating. [2] A ceramic capacitor may be used to complement electrolytic types at the input to further reduce high-frequency ripple current
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Application Notes
ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series
Adjusting the Output Voltage of the ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules
The Vo Adjust control (pin 4) sets the output voltage of the ATH30T033 and ATH30T05 products to a value higher than 0.8 V. The adjustment range of the ATH30T033 (3.3-V input) is from 0.8 V to 2.5 V 1, and the ATH30T05 (5-V input) from 0.8 V to 3.6 V. For an output voltage other than 0.8 V a single external resistor, Rset, must be connected directly between the Vo Adjust and GND pins 2. Table 2-1 gives the preferred value of the external resistor for a number of standard voltages, along with the actual output voltage that this resistance value provides. For other output voltages the value of the required resistor can either be calculated using the following formula, or simply selected from the range of values given in Table 2-2. Figure 2-1 shows the placement of the required resistor. Rset = 10 k * 0.8 V Vout - 0.8 V - 2.49 k
Table 2-2; Output Voltage Set-Point Resistor Values
Va Req'd 0.800 0.825 0.850 0.875 0.900 0.925 0.950 0.975 1.000 1.025 1.050 1.075 1.100 1.125 1.150 1.175 1.200 1.225 1.250 1.275 1.300 1.325 1.350 1.375 1.400 1.425 1.450 1.475 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 Rset Open 318 k 158 k 104 k 77.5 k 61.5 k 50.8 k 43.2 k 37.5 k 33.1 k 29.5 k 26.6 k 24.2 k 22.1 k 20.4 k 18.8 k 17.5 k 16.3 k 15.3 k 14.4 k 13.5 k 12.7 k 12.1 k 11.4 k 10.8 k 10.3 k 9.82 k 9.36 k 8.94 k 8.18 k 7.51 k 6.92 k 6.4 k 5.93 k 5.51 k 5.13 k 4.78 k 4.47 k Va Req'd 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.80 2.85 2.90 2.95 3.00 3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.60 Rset 4.18 k 3.91 k 3.66 k 3.44 k 3.22 k 3.03 k 2.84 k 2.67 k 2.51 k 2.36 k 2.22 k 2.08 k 1.95 k 1.83 k 1.72 k 1.61 k 1.51 k 1.41 k 1.32 k 1.23 k 1.15 k 1.07 k 988 914 843 775 710 647 587 529 473 419 367
Table 2-1; Preferred Values of Rset for Standard Output Voltages
Vout (Standard) 3.3 V 1 2.5 V 2V 1.8 V 1.5 V 1.2 V 1V 0.8 V Rset (Pref'd Value) 698 2.21 k 4.12 k 5.49 k 8.87 k 17.4 k 36.5 k Open Vout (Actual) 3.309V 2.502 V 2.010 V 1.803 V 1.504 V 1.202 V 1.005 V 0.8 V
Figure 2-1; Vo Adjust Resistor Placement
Vo Sense
13 12 11 6 Sense
ATH30T05-9S PTH05030W
VO
8, 9
VOUT
Notes: 1. Modules that operate from a 3.3-V input bus should not be adjusted higher than 2.5 V. 2. Use a 0.1 W resistor. The tolerance should be 1 %, with temperature stability of 100 ppm/C (or better). Place the resistor as close to the regulator as possible. Connect the resistor directly between pins 5 and 10 using dedicated PCB traces. 3. Never connect capacitors from Vo Adjust to either GND or Vout. Any capacitance added to the Vo Adjust pin will affect the stability of the regulator.
GND 1, 3, 7
GND Adjust 10 5
R SET 1 %, 0.1 W
COUT 330 F (Optional)
GND
GND
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Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
Features of the ATH Family of Non-Isolated Wide Output Adjust Power Modules
Point-of-Load Alliance
The ATH family of non-isolated, wide-output adjust power modules are optimized for applications that require a flexible, high performance module that is small in size. These products are part of the "Point-of-Load Alliance" (POLA), which ensures compatible footprint, interoperability and true second sourcing for customer design flexibility. The POLA is a collaboration between Texas Instruments, Artesyn Technologies, and Astec Power to offer customers advanced non-isolated modules that provide the same functionality and form factor. Product series covered by the alliance includes the ATH06 (6 A), ATH10 (10 A), ATH12/15 (12/15 A), ATH18/22 (18/22 A), and the ATH26/30 (26/30 A). From the basic, "Just Plug it In" functionality of the 6-A modules, to the 30-A rated feature-rich ATH30, these products were designed to be very flexible, yet simple to use. The features vary with each product. Table 3-1 provides a quick reference to the available features by product and input bus voltage.
Table 3-1; Operating Features by Series and Input Bus Voltage
ATH18/22 and ATH26/30 products incorporate over-temperature shutdown protection. All of the products referenced in Table 3-1 include Auto-TrackTM. This is a feature unique to the ATH family, and was specifically designed to simplify the task of sequencing the supply voltage in a power system. These and other features are described in the following sections.
Soft-Start Power Up
The Auto-TrackTM feature allows the power-up of multiple ATH modules to be directly controlled from the Track pin. However in a stand-alone configuration, or when the Auto-TrackTM feature is not being used, the Track pin should be directly connected to the input voltage, Vin (see Figure 3-1).
Figure 3-1
10
9
8 Track
5 Sense 6
Up Dn
5V
2
3.3 V
VIN
PTH05020W ATH22T05-9S
GND 1 7 Adjust 4
VO
Inhibit 3
CIN 1,000 F
RSET, 698 0.1 W, 1 %
Thermal Shutdown
Margin Up/Down
Pre-Bias Startup
Output Sense
On/Off Inhibit
Auto-TrackTM
Over-Current
Adjust (Trim)
GND
Series PTHxx050 ATH06
Input Bus 3.3 V / 5 V 12 V
I OUT 6A 6A 10 A
PTHxx060 ATH10
3.3 V / 5 V 12 V
10 A 8A
15 A 12 A 22 A 18 A 30 A 26 A
PTHxx010 ATH12/15
3.3 V / 5 V 12 V
PTHxx020 ATH18/22
3.3 V / 5 V 12 V
PTHxx030 ATH26/30
3.3 V / 5 V 12 V
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
When the Track pin is connected to the input voltage the Auto-TrackTM function is permanently disengaged. This allows the module to power up entirely under the control of its internal soft-start circuitry. When power up is under soft-start control, the output voltage rises to the set-point at a quicker and more linear rate.
Figure 3-2
* * * *
Vin (1 V/Div)
Vout (1 V/Div)
For simple point-of-use applications, the ATH06 provides operating features such as an on/off inhibit, output voltage trim, pre-bias startup (3.3/5-V input only), and over-current protection. The ATH10 (10 A), and ATH12/ 15 (12/15 A) include an output voltage sense, and margin up/down controls. Then the higher output current,
HORIZ SCALE: 5 ms/Div
Iin (5 A/Div)
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+
+
COUT 330 F
GND
Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
From the moment a valid input voltage is applied, the soft-start control introduces a short time delay (typically 5 ms-10 ms) before allowing the output voltage to rise. The output then progressively rises to the module's setpoint voltage. Figure 3-2 shows the soft-start power-up characteristic of the 22-A output product (ATH22T05-9S), operating from a 5-V input bus and configured for a 3.3-V output. The waveforms were measured with a 5-A resistive load, with Auto-TrackTM disabled. The initial rise in input current when the input voltage first starts to rise is the charge current drawn by the input capacitors. Power-up is complete within 15 ms.
The power modules function normally when the Inhibit pin is left open-circuit, providing a regulated output whenever a valid source voltage is connected to Vin with respect to GND. Figure 3-3 shows the typical application of the inhibit function. Note the discrete transistor (Q1). The Inhibit control has its own internal pull-up to Vin potential. The input is not compatible with TTL logic devices. An opencollector (or open-drain) discrete transistor is recommended for control.
Figure 3-3
Vo Sense
Over-Current Protection
For protection against load faults, all modules incorporate output over-current protection. Applying a load that exceeds the regulator's over-current threshold will cause the regulated output to shut down. Following shutdown a module will periodically attempt to recover by initiating a soft-start power-up. This is described as a "hiccup" mode of operation, whereby the module continues in a cycle of successive shutdown and power up until the load fault is removed. During this period, the average current flowing into the fault is significantly reduced. Once the fault is removed, the module automatically recovers and returns to normal operation.
10 9 8 5
VIN
2
PTH05020W ATH22T05-9S
3 1 7 4
6
VOUT
CIN 1,000 F 1 =Inhibit GND
RSET Q1 BSS138
COUT 330 F
Over-Temperature Protection
The ATH18/22 and ATH26/30 series of products have over-temperature protection. These products have an on-board temperature sensor that protects the module's internal circuitry against excessively high temperatures. A rise in the internal temperature may be the result of a drop in airflow, or a high ambient temperature. If the internal temperature exceeds the OTP threshold, the module's Inhibit control is automatically pulled low. This turns the output off. The output voltage will drop as the external output capacitors are discharged by the load circuit. The recovery is automatic, and begins with a soft-start power up. It occurs when the the sensed temperature decreases by about 10 C below the trip point. Note: The over-temperature protection is a last resort mechanism to prevent thermal stress to the regulator. Operation at or close to the thermal shutdown temperature is not recommended and will reduce the long-term reliability of the module. Always operate the regulator within the specified Safe Operating Area (SOA) limits for the worst-case conditions of ambient temperature and airflow.
Turning Q1 on applies a low voltage to the Inhibit control and disables the output of the module. If Q1 is then turned off, the module will execute a soft-start power-up. A regulated output voltage is produced within 20 msec. Figure 3-4 shows the typical rise in both the output voltage and input current, following the turn-off of Q1. The turn off of Q1 corresponds to the rise in the waveform, Q1 Vds. The waveforms were measured with a 5-A load.
Figure 3-4
Vo (2V/Div)
Iin (2A/Div)
Output On/Off Inhibit
For applications requiring output voltage on/off control, each series of the ATH family incorporates an output Inhibit control pin. The inhibit feature can be used wherever there is a requirement for the output voltage from the regulator to be turned off.
Q1Vds (5V/Div)
HORIZ SCALE: 10ms/Div
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+
+
L O A D
GND
Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
Auto-TrackTM Function
The Auto-TrackTM function is unique to the ATH family, and is available with the all "Point-of-Load Alliance" (POLA) products. Auto-TrackTM was designed to simplify the amount of circuitry required to make the output voltage from each module power up and power down in sequence. The sequencing of two or more supply voltages during power up is a common requirement for complex mixed-signal applications, that use dual-voltage VLSI ICs such as DSPs, micro-processors, and ASICs. Figure 3-6 shows the output voltage waveforms from the circuit of Figure 3-5 after the On/Off Control is set from a high to a low-level voltage. The waveforms, Vo1 and Vo2 represent the output voltages from the two power modules, U1 (3.3 V) and U2 (1.8 V) respectively. Vo1 and Vo2 are shown rising together to produce the desired simultaneous power-up characteristic. The same circuit also provides a power-down sequence. Power down is the reverse of power up, and is accomplished by lowering the track control voltage back to zero volts. The important constraint is that a valid input voltage must be maintained until the power down is complete. It also requires that Q1 be turned off relatively slowly. This is so that the Track control voltage does not fall faster than Auto-Track's slew rate capability, which is 1 V/ms. The components R1 and C1 in Figure 3-5 limit the rate at which Q1 can pull down the Track control voltage. The values of 100 k-ohm and 0.1 F correlate to a decay rate of about 0.17 V/ms. The power-down sequence is initiated with a low-to-high transition at the On/Off Control input to the circuit. Figure 3-7 shows the power-down waveforms. As the Track control voltage falls below the nominal set-point voltage of each power module, then its output voltage decays with all the other modules under Auto-TrackTM control.
How Auto-TrackTM Works
Auto-TrackTM works by forcing the module's output voltage to follow a voltage presented at the Track control pin. This control range is limited to between 0 V and the module's set-point voltage. Once the track-pin voltage is raised above the set-point voltage, the module's output remains at its set-point 1. As an example, if the Track pin of a 2.5-V regulator is at 1 V, the regulated output will be 1 V. But if the voltage at the Track pin rises to 3 V, the regulated output will not go higher than 2.5 V. When under track control, the regulated output from the module follows the voltage at its Track pin on a voltfor-volt basis. By connecting the Track pin of a number of these modules together, the output voltages will follow a common signal during power-up and power-down. The control signal can be an externally generated master ramp waveform, or the output voltage from another power supply circuit 3. For convenience the Track control incorporates an internal RC charge circuit. This operates off the module's input voltage to provide a suitable rising voltage ramp waveform.
Notes on Use of Auto-TrackTM
1. The Track pin voltage must be allowed to rise above the module's set-point voltage before the module can regulate at its adjusted set-point voltage. 2. The Auto-TrackTM function will track almost any voltage ramp during power up, and is compatible with ramp speeds of up to 1 V/ms. 3. The absolute maximum voltage that may be applied to the Track pin is Vin. 4. The module will not follow a voltage at its Track control input until it has completed its soft-start initialization. This takes about 10 ms from the time that the module has sensed that a valid voltage has been applied its input. During this period, it is recommended that the Track pin be held at ground potential. 5. The module is capable of both sinking and sourcing current when following a voltage at its Track pin. Therefore startup into an output prebias is not supported during Auto-TrackTM control. Note: A pre-bias holdoff is not necessary when all supply voltages rise simultaneously under the control of Auto-TrackTM. 6. The Auto-TrackTM function can be disabled by connecting the Track pin to the input voltage (Vin). With Auto-TrackTM disabled, the output voltage will rise at a quicker and more linear rate after
**Auto-Track is a trademark of Texas Intruments, Inc.
Typical Application
The basic implementation of Auto-TrackTM allows for simultaneous voltage sequencing of a number of AutoTrackTM compliant modules. Connecting the Track control pins of two or more modules forces the Track control of all modules to follow the same collective RC ramp waveform, and allows them to be controlled through a single transistor or switch; Q1 in Figure 3-5. To initiate a power-up sequence the Track control must first pulled to ground potential. This should be done at or before input power is applied to the modules, and then held for at least 10 ms thereafter. This brief period gives the modules time to complete their internal soft-start initialization, which enables them to produce an output voltage. Applying a logic-level high signal to the circuit's On/Off Control turns Q1 on and applies a ground signal to the Track control. After completing their internal soft-start intialization, the output of all modules will remain at zero volts while Q1 is on. 10 ms after a valid input voltage has been applied to all modules, Q1 can be turned off. This allows the track control voltage to automatically rise toward to the modules' input voltage. During this period the output voltage of each module will rise in unison with other modules, to its respective set-point voltage.
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Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
Figure 3-5; Sequenced Power Up & Power Down Using Auto-Track
U1
10
9
8 Track
5 6
+5 V CIN +
2
VIN Inhibit 3
PTH05020W ATH22T05-9S
GND 1 7 R2 698
Vo1 =3.3 V + Vo2 =1.8 V +
Vo1 (1 V/Div) Vo2 (1 V/Div) On/Off Input (5 V/Div)
VO
4
COUT
C1 0.1 F U2 On/Off Control 1 = Power Down 0 = Power Up R1 100 k Q1 BSS138 2 VIN Inhibit 3 10 9 8 Track 5 6
ATH15T05-9S PTH05010W
GND 1 7 R3 5k49
VO
0V
CIN
Figure 3-6; Simultaneous Power Up with Auto-TrackTM Control
Vo1 (1 V/Div)
Vo2 (1 V/Div)
On/Off Input (5 V/Div)
HORIZ SCALE: 10 ms/Div
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+
4
COUT
Figure 3-7; Simultaneous Power Down with Auto-TrackTM Control
HORIZ SCALE: 10 ms/Div
Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662
Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
Margin Up/Down Controls
The ATH10 (10A), ATH12/15 (12/15A), ATH18/22 (18/ 22A) and ATH26/30 (26/30A) products incorporate Margin Up and Margin Down control inputs. These controls allow the output voltage to be momentarily adjusted 1, either up or down, by a nominal 5 %. This provides a convenient method for dynamically testing the operation of the load circuit over its supply margin or range. It can also be used to verify the function of supply voltage supervisors. The 5 % change is applied to the adjusted output voltage, as set by the external resistor, Rset at the Vo Adjust pin. The 5 % adjustment is made by pulling the appropriate margin control input directly to the GND terminal 2. A low-leakage open-drain device, such as an n-channel MOSFET or p-channel JFET is recommended for this purpose 3. Adjustments of less than 5 % can also be accommodated by adding series resistors to the control inputs. The value of the resistor can be selected from Table 3-2, or calculated using the following formula.
Notes: 1. The Margin Up* and Margin Dn* controls were not intended to be activated simultaneously. If they are their affects on the output voltage may not completely cancel, resulting in the possibility of a slightly higher error in the output voltage set point. 2. The ground reference should be a direct connection to the module GND at pin 7 (pin 1 for the ATH06). This will produce a more accurate adjustment at the load circuit terminals. The transistors Q1 and Q2 should be located close to the regulator. 3. The Margin Up and Margin Dn control inputs are not compatible with devices that source voltage. This includes TTL logic. These are analog inputs and should only be controlled with a true open-drain device (preferably a discrete MOSFET transistor). The device selected should have low off-state leakage current. Each input sources 8 A when grounded, and has an open-circuit voltage of 0.8 V.
Up/Down Adjust Resistance Calculation
To reduce the margin adjustment to something less than 5 %, series resistors are required (See RD and RU in Figure 3-8). For the same amount of adjustment, the resistor value calculated for RU and RD will be the same. The formulas is as follows. RU or RD = 499 % - 99.8 k
Table 3-2; Margin Up/Down Resistor Values
% Adjust 5 4 3 2 1 RU / RD 0.0 k 24.9 k 66.5 k 150.0 k 397.0 k
Where % = The desired amount of margin adjust in percent.
Figure 3-8; Margin Up/Down Application Schematic
10 1
9
8 7 +Vo 0V
VIN
PTH05010W ATH15T05-9S (Top View)
2 3 4 5 6
+VOUT
+ Cin MargDn
RD
RU RSET 0.1 W, 1 % + Cout
L O A D
Q1 Q2
MargUp
GND
GND
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Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
Pre-Bias Startup Capability
Only selected products in the ATH family incorporate this capability. Consult Table 3-1 to identify which products are compliant. A pre-bias startup condition occurs as a result of an external voltage being present at the output of a power module prior to its output becoming active. This often occurs in complex digital systems when current from another power source is backfed through a dual-supply logic component, such as an FPGA or ASIC. Another path might be via clamp diodes as part of a dual-supply power-up sequencing arrangement. A prebias can cause problems with power modules that incorporate synchronous rectifiers. This is because under most operating conditions, these types of modules can sink as well as source output current. The ATH family of power modules incorporate synchronous rectifiers, but will not sink current during startup 1, or whenever the Inhibit pin is held low. However, to ensure satisfactory operation of this function, certain conditions must be maintained. 2 Figure 3-9 shows an application demonstrating the pre-bias startup capability. The startup waveforms are shown in Figure 3-10. Note that the output current from the ATH15T033 (Io) shows negligible current until its output voltage rises above that backfed through diodes D1 and D2. Note: The pre-bias start-up feature is not compatible with Auto-TrackTM. When the module is under Auto-TrackTM control, it will sink current if the output voltage is below that of a back-feeding source. To ensure a pre-bias hold-off one of two approaches must be followed when input power is applied to the module. The Auto-TrackTM function must either be disabled 3, or the module's output held off (for at least 50 ms) using the Inhibit pin. Either approach ensures that the Track pin voltage is above the set-point voltage at start up.
Notes 1. Startup includes the short delay (approx. 10 ms) prior to the output voltage rising, followed by the rise of the output voltage under the module's internal soft-start control. Startup is complete when the output voltage has risen to either the setpoint voltage or the voltage at the Track pin, whichever is lowest. 2. To ensure that the regulator does not sink current when power is first applied (even with a ground signal applied to the Inhibit control pin), the input voltage must always be greater than the output voltage throughout the power-up and power-down sequence. 3. The Auto-TrackTM function can be disabled at power up by immediately applying a voltage to the module's Track pin that is greater than its set-point voltage. This can be easily accomplished by connecting the Track pin to Vin.
Figure 3-10; Pre-Bias Startup Waveforms
Vin (1 V/Div) Vo (1 V/Div)
Io (5 A/Div)
HORIZ SCALE: 5 ms/Div
Figure 3-9; Application Circuit Demonstrating Pre-Bias Startup
VIN = 3.3 V
10 2
9
8 Track
5 Sense VO Vadj 7 4 R2 2k21 6
VIN
ATH15T033-9S PTH03010W
GND 1 3
Vo = 2.5 V + Io
VCORE VCCIO +
Inhibit
+
CIN 330 F
COUT 330 F
ASIC
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Application Notes
ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input)
Remote Sense
The ATH10, ATH12/15, ATH18/22, and ATH26/30 products incorporate an output voltage sense pin, Vo Sense. The Vo Sense pin should be connected to Vout at the load circuit (see data sheet standard application). A remote sense improves the load regulation performance of the module by allowing it to compensate for any `IR' voltage drop between itself and the load. An IR drop is caused by the high output current flowing through the small amount of pin and trace resistance. Use of the remote sense is optional. If not used, the V o Sense pin can be left open-circuit. An internal low-value resistor (15- or less) is connected between the Vo Sense and Vout. This ensures the output voltage remains in regulation. With the sense pin connected, the difference between the voltage measured directly between the Vout and GND pins, and that measured from V o Sense to GND, is the amount of IR drop being compensated by the regulator. This should be limited to a maximum of 0.3 V. Note: The remote sense feature is not designed to compensate for the forward drop of non-linear or frequency dependent components that may be placed in series with the converter output. Examples include OR-ing diodes, filter inductors, ferrite beads, and fuses. When these components are enclosed by the remote sense connection they are effectively placed inside the regulation control loop, which can adversely affect the stability of the regulator.
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